Proportion of skin cancers prevented by regular sunscreen use

December 9, 2015

Abstract

Objectives:
To estimate the proportion and numbers of cancers occurring in Australia attributable to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the proportion and numbers prevented by regular sun protection factor (SPF) 15+ sunscreen use.

Methods:
We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) and numbers of melanomas and keratinocyte cancers (i.e. basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas) due to exposure to ambient UVR resulting from residing in Australia versus residing in the UK (for melanoma) or Scandinavia (for keratinocyte cancers). We also estimated the prevented fraction (PF): the proportion of cancers that would have occurred but were likely prevented by regular sunscreen use.

Results:
An estimated 7,220 melanomas (PAF 63%) and essentially all keratinocyte cancers occurring in Australia were attributable to high ambient UVR levels in Australia. We estimated that regular sunscreen use prevented around 14,190 (PF 9.3%) and 1,730 (PF 14%) people from developing SCC and melanoma, respectively.

Conclusions:
Although our approach was conservative, a high proportion of skin cancers in Australia are attributable to high ambient levels of UVR. Prevailing levels of sunscreen use probably reduced skin cancer incidence by 10-15%.

Implications:
Most skin cancers are preventable. Sunscreen should be a component of a comprehensive sun protection strategy.

Source:

Olsen CM, et al. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2015 Oct;39(5):471-6. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12470.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26437734/

See also article describing the approach underpinning a national project to estimate the numbers and proportions of cancers occurring in Australia in 2010 that are attributable to modifiable causal factors.(open access):
Whiteman DC, et al. Cancers in Australia in 2010 attributable to modifiable factors: introduction and overview. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2015 Oct; 39(5): 403–407. Published online 2015 Oct 6. doi: 10.1111/1753-6405.12468
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC460676...